Dr Sama’ila Balarabe
Sashen Sadarwa na Jama’a
Hassan Usman Katsina Polytechnic, P.M.B. 2052, Katsina
08036185648
s.balarabe2013@gmail.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kasancewar Takarda Da Aka Gabatar A Wani Babban Taron Gari Kan Tsaron Karkara Da Alamun Gargadin Farko Wanda Ofishin Hukumar Wayar Da Kan Jama’a ta Jihar Katsina ta shirya a dakin taro na Sakatariyar Gwamnatin Tarayya, Katsina a ranar Talata 1 ga Yuli, 2025.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Gabatarwa Al\u2019ummomin karkara irin namu a Jihar Katsina a tarihi sun kasance al\u2019umma masu zaman lafiya da juna. To sai dai kuma a shekarun baya an tabarbare zaman lafiyar kauyukanmu ta hanyar rashin tsaro da ya shafi \u2018yan fashi da satar shanu da garkuwa da mutane da fadace-fadacen kabilanci da rashin abinci da rashin zaman lafiya a tsakanin al\u2019umma. Fahimtar tushen abubuwan yana da mahimmanci don samar da mafita mai dorewa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ma’anar Rashin Tsaro A cewar \u0199amus na Ingilishi na Oxford, rashin tsaro shine \u201cyanayin fuskantar ha\u0257ari ko barazana; rashin tsaro.\u201d Hukumar raya kasashe ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNDP) ta bayyana rashin zaman lafiyar dan Adam a matsayin \u201crashin kariya daga barazanar da ake fuskanta kamar yunwa, cututtuka, da danniya, da kuma kariya daga rugujewa kwatsam a cikin yanayin rayuwar yau da kullun.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n A halin da ake ciki a yankunan karkarar Najeriya, rashin tsaro ya hada da: Tushen rashin tsaro a yankunan karkarar Najeriya A farkon shekarun 2000, al’amura na satar shanu da fashi da makami sun fara yaduwa a yankunan karkara. Hakan ya biyo bayan fa\u0257a\u0257a rikicin makiyaya da manoma musamman a yankunan Arewa ta Tsakiya da Arewa maso Yamma. Daga baya, yawaitar \u2018yan fashi, garkuwa da mutane a kauyuka, da ayyukan ta\u2019addanci sun kara tabarbarewar yanayin tsaro da a baya yake. Ya zuwa shekarar 2023, bisa ga kididdigar ta’addanci ta duniya da kuma rahotannin Najeriya Security Tracker, yankunan karkara a Arewacin Najeriya sun fi fama da matsalar: Dalilan Rashin Tsaro A Kauyukan Mu <\/p>\n\n\n\n Kungiyar Transparency International (2022) ta ce Najeriya ba ta da kyau a cikin kididdigar cin hanci da rashawa a duniya, inda kudaden raya karkara na cikin wadanda aka fi karkata.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Illar rashin tsaro a Karkara<\/p>\n\n\n\n Rashin tsaro yana da fa’ida mai fa’ida ga mutane, al’umma, da kasa baki daya. A yankunan karkara, wadannan illolin sun fi fitowa fili saboda raunin cibiyoyi, rashin ababen more rayuwa, da dogaro ga noma da tattalin arziki na yau da kullun.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Maganin Rashin Tsaron Karkara Magance matsalar rashin tsaro a yankunan karkara na bukatar tsarin da ya shafi bangarori daban-daban da na al\u2019umma, wanda ya shafi ba gwamnati kadai ba, har da shugabannin gargajiya, kungiyoyin farar hula, da su kansu jama\u2019a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 1. \u0198arfafa Tsaron gida da aikin Yansandan Al’umma \u0198ir\u0199irar da \u0199arfafa tsarin \u01b4an sanda na al’umma na iya taimakawa ganowa da hana aikata laifuka da wuri. Sarakunan gargajiya, shugabannin matasa, da kungiyoyin \u2019yan banga dole ne a shigar da su cikin tsare-tsaren tsaro na yau da kullun tare da horarwa, sa ido, da dabaru. Samfurin Yan Sanda na Rundunar Yansandan Najeriya (2020) yana ba da tushe don irin wannan yun\u0199urin na gida. <\/p>\n\n\n\n 2. Karfafa Tattalin Arziki da Ha\u0257in gwiwar Matasa Rashin zaman lafiya a karkara zai dore matukar ba a samar wa matasa ayyukan yi da kwarewa da kuma fata ba. Ya kamata gwamnati da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu su saka hannun jari a fannin koyar da sana\u2019o\u2019i, tallafin kasuwanci, da sabbin dabarun noma da suka dace da bukatun gida. <\/p>\n\n\n\n 3. Ilimi da wayar da kan jama’a Inganta ilimin \u0199auye na yau da kullun da na yau da kullun zai ba mutane damar yin za\u0253i na gaskiya, gane alamun fa\u0257akarwa na tashin hankali, da \u0199in shiga cikin \u0199ungiyoyin masu laifi. Ilimin zaman lafiya, horar da ‘yancin \u0257an adam, da shirye-shiryen karatu ya kamata a ba da fifiko. <\/p>\n\n\n\n 4. Hanyoyin Tattaunawa da Magance Rikici Kamata ya yi a tallafa wa shugabannin gargajiya da kwamitocin zaman lafiya na cikin gida domin saukaka tattaunawa tsakanin al\u2019umma, musamman tsakanin manoma da makiyaya. Mai kula da al’ada, \u0199o\u0199arin sasantawa na gida zai iya hana tashin hankali da gina amana. <\/p>\n\n\n\n 5. Ingantattun Kayayyakin Karkara da Ayyuka Zuba hannun jari a hanyoyin karkara, hanyoyin sadarwa, wutar lantarki, da cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya na kara yawan zaman gwamnati kuma yana rage warewar da ke ba da damar rashin tsaro ya bunkasa. Ingantattun ababen more rayuwa kuma suna ba da saurin amsawa ga barazanar. <\/p>\n\n\n\n 6. Sarrafa makamai da Tsaron kan iyaka Dole ne gwamnati ta kara kaimi wajen dakile kwararar makamai ta hanyar sa ido kan iyakoki da tabbatar da doka da oda. Shirye-shiryen kwance damara, korar da jama’a, da sake hadewa (DDR) ya kamata su kai hari ga tsoffin mayakan da ke yankunan karkara. <\/p>\n\n\n\n 7. Gudanar da Gaskiya da Ciki Dole ne kananan hukumomi su kasance masu gaskiya da gaskiya wajen amfani da kudaden jama’a da ake nufi da su don ci gaban karkara. Shigar da jama’a a cikin yanke shawara na iya sake gina amana da tabbatar da ayyuka suna magance ainihin bukatun al’umma.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kammalawa Rashin tsaro a yankunan karkarar mu matsala ce mai dimbin yawa da ta samo asali daga talauci, raunin cibiyoyi, jahilci, matsalolin muhalli, da yin amfani da zamantakewa da siyasa. Yana kawo barazana ga rayuwarmu, yana kawo cikas ga aikin noma, yana raba al\u2019umma, yana lalata zamantakewar al\u2019ummarmu. Rashin zaman lafiya a yankunan karkara kalubale ne mai zurfi, amma ba abu ne da ba za a iya shawo kansa ba. Tare da yun\u0199urin ha\u0257in kai, tsarin fa\u0257akarwa na farko, gudanar da mulki mai ma’ana, da saka hannun jari na gaskiya ga matasa da ababen more rayuwa, zaman lafiya zai iya komawa ga al’ummomin karkararmu. Ta hanyar mai da hankali kan dalilai, fahimtar illolin, da aiwatar da dabaru, za mu iya kiyaye \u0199auyukanmu da maido da bege ga iyalai na karkara. Tsaro ba aikin sojoji da \u2019yan sanda ba ne kawai, yana farawa da kowane \u0257an \u0199asa, kowane mai gari, kowane shugaban matasa, da kowane iyaye. Tare, za mu iya dawo da zaman lafiya.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Nassoshi CLEEN Foundation (2022). <\/p>\n\n\n\n Rahoton Tsaro da Tsaron Jama’a a Najeriya. \u0198ungiyar Rikicin Duniya (2021). <\/p>\n\n\n\n Dakatar da Rikicin manoma da makiyaya a Najeriya. Ofishin Kididdiga na Kasa (2020). <\/p>\n\n\n\n Talauci da rashin daidaito a Najeriya: Takaitattun Labarai. Cibiyar Nazarin Siyasa da Dabaru ta \u0199asa (NIPSS) (2022). <\/p>\n\n\n\n Rikicin Addini A Karkara Nigeria. Binciken Kananan Makamai (2020). <\/p>\n\n\n\n Auna Gudun Hannun Haramtacce a Yammacin Afirka. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Transparency International (2022). Fihirisar Cin Hanci da Rashawa 2022. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Shirin Ci Gaban Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNDP) (2021). <\/p>\n\n\n\n Magance Rashin Tsaro ta hanyar Karfafa Matasa. UNESCO (2021). <\/p>\n\n\n\n Bayanan Ilimin Najeriya. Bankin Duniya (2020). <\/p>\n\n\n\n Bankin Duniya (2020). Sauyin yanayi da Hijira a cikin gida Najeriya.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Babban abin alfahari ne kuma wajibi ne a magance wannan muhimmin batu “Dalilan Rashin Tsaro a Karkaranmu.” Yayin da muke taruwa a nan karkashin taken tsaro na karkara da tsarin gargadin farko, dole ne mu hada kai mu yi tunani a kan tushen rashin zaman lafiya a yankunan karkara tare da samar da mafita mai dorewa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Rashin tsaro yana nufin yanayin bu\u0257ewa ga ha\u0257ari ko barazana; rashin kariya. A cikin yanayin zamantakewa da siyasa, yana nuna yanayin da mutane, al’ummomi, ko al’ummomi ke fuskantar ha\u0257ari ga amincinsu, rayuwarsu, ko jin da\u0257insu saboda tashin hankali, rashin kwanciyar hankali, ko rushewar doka da oda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
i. Harin makamai ko kashe-kashe
ii. Satar mutane don kudin fansa
iii. ‘Yan fashi da satar shanu
iv. Rikicin jama’a
v. Rikicin \u0199asa da albarkatun \u0199asa
vi. Tashin hankali
vii. Rashin ingantaccen tsarin ‘yan sanda ko tsarin warware rikici<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A tarihi, yankunan karkara a Najeriya an san su da zaman lafiya, karbar baki, da zamantakewar al\u2019umma. Wa\u0257annan al’ummomin sun dogara kacokan akan noma, tsarin jagoranci na gargajiya, da tsarin taimakon juna. Sai dai a cikin shekaru ashirin din da suka gabata, abubuwa da dama sun hade da yin barazana ga tsaro da zaman lafiyar rayuwar karkara, musamman a arewacin Najeriya, ciki har da jihar Katsina.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A shekara ta 2014, da tashe tashen hankula a yankin Arewa-maso-Gabas (musamman Boko Haram da kuma ISWAP), makamai da mayaka sun fara bazuwa zuwa yankunan da ke kusa da su, ciki har da jihohin Katsina, Zamfara, Kaduna, da Neja. Rashin kula da iyakoki, rashin kasancewar jihohi, da kuma tabarbarewar talauci duk sun taimaka wajen yaduwar rashin tsaro daga hare-haren da ake kai wa saniyar ware zuwa tashe-tashen hankula da kauracewa gidajensu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
i. A kullum \u2018yan fashi sun kai hari kauyuka
ii. Sace ‘yan makaranta da mutanen gari don neman kudin fansa
iii. Manoma na barin filayen noma saboda tsoro
iv. Matasa suna shiga kungiyoyi masu dauke da makamai don tsira ko daukar fansa
Musamman a Jihar Katsina, rashin tsaro ya kawo cikas ga noma, ilimi, kasuwanci, da gudanar da harkokin kananan hukumomi, lamarin da ya haifar da karuwar fatara, da kaura, da fargaba a tsakanin mazauna karkara. Lamarin ya haifar da zagayowar: rashin zaman lafiya na kara zurfafa talauci, kuma talauci, shi ma yana kara rura wutar rashin tsaro.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ga wasu daga cikin abubuwan da ke kawo rashin tsaro a yankunan karkarar mu:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Babban abin da ke haifar da rashin tsaro a yankunan karkara shi ne talauci mai tsanani. Al’ummomin karkara galibi suna fama da karancin damar samun damar tattalin arziki, wanda ke haifar da rashin aikin yi, musamman a tsakanin matasa. Wannan \u0253acin rai na tattalin arzi\u0199i yana haifar da yanayi mai kyau don \u0257aukar ma’aikata cikin ayyukan aikata laifuka, kamar fashi da makami, fashi da makami, da satar shanu.
A cewar Hukumar Kididdiga ta Kasa (2020), galibin \u2018yan Najeriya da ke fama da talauci suna zaune ne a yankunan karkara. Talauci ba wai kawai yana haifar da rashin jin da\u0257i ba har ma yana raunana juriyar al’umma ga barazanar waje.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
Abin da ke da nasaba da talauci shi ne matsalar rashin aikin yi na matasa. Ba tare da \u0199wararru ko ilimi, ko samun jari ba, yawancin matasan karkara sun zama marasa aiki. Wannan yanayin yana sa su zama masu rauni ga yin amfani da su daga \u0199ungiyoyi masu laifi ko masu tsattsauran ra’ayi wa\u0257anda suka yi alkawarin ku\u0257i, mulki, ko ramuwar gayya. Hukumar raya kasashe ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNDP, 2021) ta lura cewa matasa marasa aikin yi da marasa aikin yi na daga cikin kungiyoyin da ke fuskantar barazanar daukar aiki cikin kungiyoyi masu dauke da makamai da kuma kungiyoyi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
A yawancin yankunan karkara, kasancewar gwamnati ba shi da yawa ko babu. Tushen abubuwan more rayuwa kamar tituna, ofisoshin ‘yan sanda, da hanyoyin sadarwar sadarwa ba su da kyau ko babu. Wannan yana raunana tilasta bin doka kuma yana ba da dama ga masu aikata laifuka su ci gaba ba tare da fuskantar kalubale ba.
Haka kuma, inda jami\u2019an tsaro suke, galibi ba su da kudi, ba su da kayan aiki, kuma ba su da yawa. A cewar gidauniyar CLEEN (2022), al\u2019ummomin karkara a arewacin Najeriya sun ba da rahoton mafi \u0199arancin rabo tsakanin \u2018yan sanda da \u2018yan \u0199asa a \u0199asar.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
Wani direban rashin tsaro shine samun saukin samun kananan makamai (SALWs). Lalacewar iyaka, cin hanci da rashawa, da rugujewar doka da oda a yankunan da ke makwabtaka da su (kamar sassan Sahel) suna taimakawa wajen kwararar makamai ba bisa ka’ida ba cikin al’ummominmu na karkara.
Binciken Kananan Makamai (2020) ya yi kiyasin cewa sama da muggan makamai 500,000 ne ke yaduwa a Najeriya, wadanda yawancinsu ana samun su a yankunan karkara.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
Rikicin da ya shafi filaye musamman tsakanin manoma da makiyaya ya taimaka matuka wajen rashin tsaro a yankunan karkara. Sauyin yanayi, kwararowar hamada, da matsin lambar jama’a sun haifar da gasa kan raguwar albarkatu kamar ruwa da filayen noma.
Wadannan fadace-fadacen su kan barke zuwa fadace-fadace, da ke haddasa mace-mace, da raba matsugunai, da lalata dukiyoyi. Kamar yadda kungiyar International Crisis Group (2021) ta ruwaito, yankin Middle Belt da Arewa maso Yamma, ciki har da Katsina, an samu karuwar rikicin makiyaya da manoma.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
Matakan jahilci sun fi yawa a yankunan karkara, kuma wannan rashin ilimi yana iyakance ikon \u01b4an \u0199asa na yanke shawara na gaskiya game da zaman lafiya, alhakin jama’a, da kuma shugabanci. Hakanan yana lalata \u0199arfinsu na gano alamun garga\u0257in farko na tsattsauran ra’ayi ko shirya laifuka.
A cewar UNESCO (2021), ilimin karkara a Najeriya bai kai kashi 50% ba, idan aka kwatanta da na birane. Wannan yana iyakance damar samun ilimin al’umma da kuma magance tatsuniyoyi game da tsattsauran ra’ayi da tashin hankali.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
Wasu \u0199ungiyoyi suna amfani da ra’ayoyin al’adu da addini don shuka rarrabuwa ko tabbatar da tashin hankali. A wasu lokatai shugabanni masu tada zaune tsaye suna amfani da addini ko kabilanci wajen tayar da hankulan matasa ko tunzura su a kan wasu al’ummomi.
Wani rahoto da Cibiyar Nazarin Siyasa da Dabarun ta {asa (NIPSS, 2022) ta fitar, ya yi nuni da yadda rashin fahimtar juna da kalaman kiyayya ke yaduwa cikin sauri a yankunan karkara saboda karancin samun ingantattun hanyoyin labarai.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
Lalacewar muhalli da suka hada da kwararowar hamada, zaizayar kasa da fari, sun rage yawan amfanin noma a arewacin Najeriya. Wannan \u0199arancin albarkatun yana haifar da \u0199aura, gasa, da rikice-rikice tsakanin al’ummomin da suka dogara da noma ko kiwo don rayuwa.
Bankin Duniya (2020) ya yi tanadin cewa Najeriya za ta iya ganin bakin haure sama da miliyan 30 masu alaka da yanayi nan da shekarar 2050, da yawa daga yankunan karkarar Arewa kamar Katsina.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
A karshe, cin hanci da rashawa a matakin kananan hukumomi na karkatar da kudaden da aka tanada domin raya karkara. Ayyuka kamar aikin \u0257an sanda na al’umma, \u0199arfafa matasa, da abubuwan more rayuwa na karkara ko dai ba su da ku\u0257i ko kuma a yi watsi da su. Wannan gazawar tsarin tana zubar da amincin jama’a kuma yana haifar da bacin rai.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n\n
Hare-haren dauke da makamai, garkuwa da mutane, da fadan kabilanci sun yi sanadiyyar raba dubban mazauna karkara da muhallansu. Ana tilasta wa mutane barin gidajen kakanninsu, galibi suna zuwa sansanin \u2018yan gudun hijirar (IDP) ko kuma tsuguno a cikin unguwannin marasa galihu.
A cewar Hukumar Kula da Hijira ta Duniya (IOM, 2023), sama da \u2018yan Najeriya miliyan 3 ne ke gudun hijira a halin yanzu sakamakon rashin tsaro a yankunan karkara, musamman a Arewa maso Gabas da Arewa maso Yamma.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
Noma shine kashin bayan tattalin arzikin karkara. Sai dai rashin tsaro ya sa manoma suka yi watsi da gonakinsu, lamarin da ya janyo karancin abinci da hauhawar farashin kayayyakin abinci. Da yawa suna fargabar zuwa gonaki saboda barazanar kai hari ko sace-sace.
Ma’aikatar Noma ta Najeriya (2022) ta ba da rahoton raguwar yawan amfanin gona da kashi 40 cikin 100 a yankunan karkara masu fama da rikici.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
Rashin tsaro yana kawo cikas ga kasuwanni, kasuwanci, da zuba jari na cikin gida. Tsoron kai hare-hare yana narkar da kasuwanci, yana kara tabarbarewar talauci, da rage shigowar gwamnati ko ayyukan raya kasa masu zaman kansu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
Lokacin da rashin tsaro ya ta’azzara, makarantu da asibitoci sukan rufe. Malamai, ma’aikatan lafiya, da sauran ma’aikatan gwamnati sun gudu don tsira, suna barin al’umma ba tare da muhimman ayyuka ba.
UNICEF (2023) ta ba da rahoton cewa sama da makarantu 1,500 a Arewacin Najeriya sun rufe saboda rashin tsaro, wanda ya shafi yara sama da 600,000.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
Rashin tsaro yana haifar da zato a tsakanin kabilu da addinai. Rikicin manoma da makiyaya, alal misali, yakan rikide zuwa rikice-rikicen da aka dade ana fama da su, tare da wargaza tsarin hadin gwiwa na gargajiya da taimakon juna.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
Ci gaba da fuskantar tashe-tashen hankula, ha\u0257e da fatara da rashin damammaki, na tura matasa da yawa cikin \u0199ungiyoyin masu laifi, shan muggan kwayoyi, da \u0199ungiyoyi masu \u0257auke da makamai. Matasan karkara sun zama duka wadanda abin ya shafa da kuma masu ta\u2019asar rashin tsaro.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n